TY - JOUR
T1 - T and B Cell Immune Responses to Influenza Viruses in Pigs
AU - Holzer, Barbara
AU - Martini, Veronica
AU - Edmans, Matthew
AU - Tchilian, Elma
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Holzer, Martini, Edmans and Tchilian.
PY - 2019/2/5
Y1 - 2019/2/5
N2 - Influenza viruses are an ongoing threat to humans and are endemic in pigs, causing considerable economic losses to farmers. Pigs are also a source of new viruses potentially capable of initiating human pandemics. Many tools including monoclonal antibodies, recombinant cytokines and chemokines, gene probes, tetramers, and inbred pigs allow refined analysis of immune responses against influenza. Recent advances in understanding of the pig innate system indicate that it shares many features with that of humans, although there is a larger gamma delta component. The fine specificity and mechanisms of cross-protective T cell immunity have yet to be fully defined, although it is clear that the local immune response is important. The repertoire of pig antibody response to influenza has not been thoroughly explored. Here we review current understanding of adaptive immune responses against influenza in pigs and the use of the pig as a model to study human disease.
AB - Influenza viruses are an ongoing threat to humans and are endemic in pigs, causing considerable economic losses to farmers. Pigs are also a source of new viruses potentially capable of initiating human pandemics. Many tools including monoclonal antibodies, recombinant cytokines and chemokines, gene probes, tetramers, and inbred pigs allow refined analysis of immune responses against influenza. Recent advances in understanding of the pig innate system indicate that it shares many features with that of humans, although there is a larger gamma delta component. The fine specificity and mechanisms of cross-protective T cell immunity have yet to be fully defined, although it is clear that the local immune response is important. The repertoire of pig antibody response to influenza has not been thoroughly explored. Here we review current understanding of adaptive immune responses against influenza in pigs and the use of the pig as a model to study human disease.
KW - Laiv (Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine)
KW - Local T Cell Immunity
KW - Mucosal Immunity
KW - Neuraminidase
KW - Peptide Sla-Tetramer
KW - Swine Influenza Virus (Siv)
KW - T Cell Responses
KW - Vaerd
KW - Adaptive Immunity
KW - Swine Diseases/immunology
KW - Pandemics
KW - T-Lymphocytes/immunology
KW - Humans
KW - Influenza, Human/immunology
KW - Orthomyxoviridae/physiology
KW - Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology
KW - B-Lymphocytes/immunology
KW - Animals
KW - Swine/immunology
KW - Disease Models, Animal
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85062194922&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00098
DO - 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00098
M3 - Review article
C2 - 30804933
SN - 1664-3224
VL - 10
SP - 98
JO - Frontiers in Immunology
JF - Frontiers in Immunology
IS - FEB
M1 - 98
ER -